Radiator



L. W-AGENSEIL.

RADIATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JAN- 24, I916- RENEWED MAY 20. 1918.

1,376, 1 78. Patented Apr. 26, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Invemnr:

L dmig Myemei l Attorney L. WAGENSEIL.

RADIATOR.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.24, 1916. RENEWED MAY 20,1918.

1,376, 178. Patented Apr. 26, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- a div]? Wgymsejj Attorney In vemor UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

L'UD'WIG WAGENSEIL, OF AACHEN', GERMANY, ASSIGNOR '10 HUGO JUNKERS," OF

AACHEN, GERMANY.

RADIATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 26, 1921.

Application filed January 24, 1916, Serial No. 73,987. Renewed May 20, 1918. Serial No. 235,697.

enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to radiators which are adapted for use in connection with air-crafts, automobiles and other vehicles and which serve to cool the motors propelling such vehicles, and in which the cooling action is obtained by the air current passing through the radiator when the vehicle is in motion.

The invention has for its primary object to provide such radiators with improvements whereby the air resistance of the radiator during the motion of the vehicle is materially reduced.

Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby the cooling action and the air resistance of the radiator may be regulated in such a manner that, when the cooling action is reduced, there will be also a reduction of the air resistance.

I attain these objects by mounting the radiator in a pipe-like open end casing the cross-section of which is smaller at the inlet and outlet for the air than at a point intermediate the inlet and outlet where the radiator is arranged and the inner and outer faces of which are of a continuous shape.

The regulation of the volume of air passing through the radiator, whereupon the cooling action and the air resistance depend, is obtained by providing the said casing with devices for regulating the amount of air admitted to the casing or devices, by means of which a part of the air flowing into the casing is smoothly deflected so that only a part of the air, which at full cooling capacity would go through the radiator, will pass through the same with a lower velocity.

The invention is capable of embodiment in a variety of forms, some of which are in the accompanying drawings,

view of the device illustrated in longitudinal section in Fig. 4,

Figs. 7 and 8 are longitudinal sections, showing means for regulatlng the air resistance and cooling action by deflecting part of the air entering into the casing,

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section, showing regulating means by which part of the air is deflected before entering the casing,-

F1g. 10 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a flying machine with my improved radiator attached to the bottom wall of its body.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all views.

Referring to the drawings, particularly to Fig. 1, 1 designates the radiator which may be of any well-known construction and which is mounted in a pipe-like casing 2. The cross-section of the casing continually varies in the direction of the air current produced by the movement of the vehicle.

At the air-inlet 4 and outlet 5 the crosssection is smaller than at the place where the radiator is arranged.

In all figures the arrow a indicates the direction in which the vehicle moves, while the arrows 2) indicate the flow of the air current.

In order to reduce the resistance to movement of the radiator through the air and the .through the walls adjacent their ends.

walls of the casing at the inlet end of the casing and decreasing the thickness of these walls steadily from the inlet end of the casing to the outlet end, where the walls are very thin. This stream 'line constructlon aids materially in avoiding whirls and eddies at the inlet end of the casing where the air divides between the streams flowing through and the streams flowing around the casing at the outlet end where these streams unite. Such'eddies are particularly apt to occur adjacent to the inlet end of the casing by reason of the fact that air does not flow through the casing so freely as it flows around it on account of the presence of the radiator within the casing.

According to Fig. 3 apart of the casing surrounding the radiator 1 is formed by a fiat smooth wall 3, which may be a wall of the body of a flying machine.

According to Figs. 4 and 5 the radiator 1 is arranged in a casing conslsting of two pairs of oppositel disposed walls 2 and 7. This casing has a so a smaller cross-section at its open ends 4 and 5 than at the place where the radiator is arranged. The walls 2 are made of elastic material and screw bolts 8 with nuts 9 on them are passlgd .V tightening the nuts the air inlet and outlet of the casing will be reduced 1n cross-section, while by loosening the nuts the same will be increased.

In the form shown in Fig. 6 the radiator 1 is mounted in a casing the walls 2 of which are rigid. In the two open ends 4 and 5 body members 10 and 11 are slidable, which are preferably connected with each other by means of a rod 12 guided through the radiator in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the casing and of the air current. The members 10 and 11 are preferably of the shape indicated in Fig. 6.

According to Fig. 7 the radiator 1 is fastened to a wall 3 of the vehicle which together with the wall 2 forms the casing for the radiator. The wall 2 is formed with an opening 13 which may be opened and closed by a valve 14 hingedly connected to the wall 2. When the valve is closed it does not interrupt the continuous course of the wall 2.

According to Fig. 8 the radiator is mounted between a wall 3 corresponding to wall 3 shown in Fig. 7 and a narrow supporting wall 15. The other sides of the casing are formed by the lateral walls 7 and an elastic bottom wall 2. The ends of the wall 2 are provided with projections guided in slots 16 of the lateral walls 7. The wall 2 is pro-' vided at its central part with a bracket 17,

to which any suitable mechanism may be connected by means of which the wall can be ulled outwardly to the desired extent and xed in its desired position.

air enters, smaller than the end 21 where the air leaves the sleeve. At the rear end of the casing 2 by which the air leaves the latter, a sleeve 19 similar to sleeve 18 is arranged. Sleeve 19 is likewise slidable in the direct-ion of the axis of the casing and the air current.

Its inlet end 22 for the air, however, is lar er than the outlet end 23.

ccording to Fig. 10 the radiator 1 is fastened to the lower wall 3 of the body 24 of a flying machine. At the place where the radiator is arranged, the wall 3 is preferably depressed inwardly as at 25 and forms a part of the casing 2 which surrounds the radiator and the openends 4 and 5 of which are smaller in cross-section than the middle part of the casing where the radiator 1 is located.

The invention operates as follows: I

During the movement of the vehicle the air enters the casing 2 at its end 4 with approximately the speed of the vehicle and expands within the casing which enlarges toward the radiator, whereby its velocity is reduced. With this reduced velocity the air enters the air-channels of the radiator and after leaving the same its velocity is again increased in the part of the casing tapering toward the outlet end 5, so that it passes again into the atmosphere with a velocity approximately equal to the speed of the vehicle. Though the cooling capacity of the radiator is somewhat reduced by the reduction ofthe velocity of the air within casing 2, the air resistance of the radiator is reduced in a much higher degree, as will be understood from the following example.

If, by locating the radiator in a casing according to the invention, the velocity of the air is reduced to the half, the air resistance of the radiator will be reduced to its fourth part, while the cooling capacity under otherwise equal circumstances, is reduced to only seven tenths; for, according to experience, the air resistance changes proportionally to the square of the air velocity, while the cooling capacity changes but approximately proportionally to the square root of the velocity of the air flowing through the radiator.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 2, the walls at the air inlet end 4 are thickened and" their forward edges are rounded off as at 6. In order to avoid abrupt changes in the cross-section of the casing 2, its walls graduall' taper from the rounded-off ed 6 towar the rear end 5 of the casing. account of the edge 6 being rounded ofl",

' would be the case if the front end of the casing formed a sharp edge.

According to Fig. 3 the air is guided between the walls 2 and 3 in such a manner that its velocity decreases toward the radiator and that it is not subjected to shocks within the casing.

According to Figs. 4 and 5, the volume of air which is guided to the radiator between the walls 2 and 7, can be altered at will by altering the distance between the walls 2. If the ends of the walls 2 are drawn toward each other so that the inlet and outlet will become smaller, less'air than usual flows to the radiator while the other part of the air will be deflected and flow past the radiator outside the casing. Such an alteration of the volume of air which is to pass through the radiator is necessary when the temperature of the atmosphere changes. With this construction a reduction of the volume of the air and of the cooling capacity is effected together with a reduction of the air resistance of the radiator.

In the arrangement according to Fig. 6 the volume of air entering the casing 2 may be altered by shifting the body members 10 and 11. If the members 10 and 11 are in the position indicated by full lines only a small quantity of air can enter the casing 2 at 4. When the members are, however, shifted into the position indicated by dotted lines, the whole cross section of the inlet 4 and outlet 5 becomes free, so that a larger quantity of air can pass through the casing and the radiator therein.

In the construction shown in Fig. 7 a

. part of the air entering the. casing at 4 1s deflected before it reaches the radiator and is guided past the same. For this purpose valve 14 is opened more or less according to whether more or less air should be deflected. The air leaving the casing through the valve 14 flows along the continuous wall 2 and unites at 5 without any shocks with the air which has passed through the radiator. In order to avoid shocks to the air when the valve 14 is closed, the same is constructed so as to form a smooth continuous surface with the wall of the easing when in closed position.

According to Fig. 8, the air is likewise partly deflected in the casing in front of the radiator, if it is desiredfito obtain a lower cooling capacity and a reduction of the cooling air. By pulling the bracket 17 transversely to the axis of the radiator, the elastic wall 2, which, with full cooling capacity abuts, against the fixed wall 15, is moved away from the same, so that some of the air which enters the casing 2 at 4 is deflected in front of the radiator and guided around the same. This deflected air unites behind the radiator within the casing with the air which has passed through the radiator. The wall. 15 is so constructed that the air when separated from and united again with the air flowing through the radiator is subjected to as few shocks as possible. When drawing the wall 2 away from the wall 15, the ends of wall 2 slide in the slots 16 and may be fixed therein in different positions by any suitable means.

According to the arrangement shown in Fig. 9 the inlet 4 and outlet 5 of the casing 2 remain of constant size, but the air is retarded in front of the casing so that it enters the latter already with reduced velocity. This is obtained by the provision of the sleeve 18. The air which enters the sleeve 18 at 20 with a velocity corresponding to the speed of the vehicle, expands in said sleeve and a part of the air flows again into the atmosphere at 21, while the other part of the air flowing through the sleeve enters the casing 2 with reduced velocity. In the casing the velocity is further decreased as the cross-section of the casing enlarges toward the radiator. After the air has flowed through the radiator, its velocity is again increased in the casing which tapers toward the rear end 5 where it leaves the casing with the same velocity with which it has entered the casing at 4. At 5 the air unites with that part which has been guided along the outside of the we ing 2 and together with the same it obtains again in the sleeve 19 tapering toward its end 23, the original speed of the vehicle.

According to Fig. 10,w{hich shows a practical application of the invention, the air is guided to the radiator between the wall 3 of the body 24 of the flying machine and the wall 2. As the radiator is partly situated in the depression 25 of the body the outer smooth course of the body is not much disturbed by the projecting wall 2, so that the air does not meet with much resistance on the lower side of the body 24, but will flow smoothly along the same.

Attention is particularly called to the stream line construction as shown in the several figures, a construction in which the maximum thickness is near the entering edge, the entering edge being rounded while the casing gradually decreases in thickness toward the trailin edge where it terminates in .a thin kni e-edge. Such a construction allows the radiator to move through the air with the minimum of drag or head resistance and also aids in the smooth passage of a large volume of cooling air through the radiator itself. In the several modifications, the inlet and size.

' by Letters Patent, is:

invention various changes, variations and modifications mi ht be resorted to and hence I do not WlSh to limit myself to the foregoing disclosure as to structures, ar-. ran ements or materials.

at I claim as new and desire to secure 1. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing oftubular form mounted upon the vehicle extending, fore and aft thereof and having its. ends open and of smaller size than the portion of the casing intermediate the ends, the walls of the easing bein substantially continuous from one end of t e casing to the other, and a radi-. .ator within the casing in the intermediate portion thereof where the casing is oflarger size than at its ends, said radiator being disposed substantially transverse to the direction of the length of the casing,

2. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing of-tubular form mounted thereon extending fore and aft-thereof and having its ends open and of smaller size than the enlarged ortion of the casin intermediate the on s, a radiator dispose substantially transverse to the lengthi of portion of the casing, and means for efi'ectmg an adjustment to regulate the flow of air through the radiator. i

'3. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing of tubular form mounted thereon extendmg fore and aft of the vehicle and 'havin its ends open and of smaller size than t e portion of the casin intermediate the ends, a radiator dispose substantially transverse to the length of the casing within the intermediate portion thereof, and means for effecting an adjustment to regulate the portion of the air entering the casing which passes through the radiator and the portion which passes around the radiator.

4. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing of tubular-form mounted thereon extending fore and aft of the vehicle and having its ends open and of smaller size than the portion of the casing intermediate the ends, the walls of the casing being substantially continuous from one end of the casing to the other, a radiator within the casing in the intermediate portion thereof where the casing is of larger size than at its ends and disposed substantially transverse to the axis of the casing, and means for effecting an adjustment to regulate the flow of air through the radiator.

5. The combination of .a self-propelled vehicle having .a body, a tubular casing extending fore and aft of the vehicle and having a part thereof formed by the body pf the vehicle, said casing being enlarged intermediate its ends, and a.rad1atormounted within the enlarged intermediate portion of the casing transverse to the aims of the casing.

6. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle having a body shaped to providendepression therein, a wall mounted over sald depression and forming with the adjacent portion of the body'a tubular casing which extends fore and aft" of the vehicle and which is enlarged intermediate its ends, and a radiator mounted transverse to the 9318* of the casing .in the enlarged intermediate portion ofthe casing.

7. The combination with a radiator of the character stated, of an open. end casing surrounding the radiator, the walls of the casing having smooth continuous surfaces, the open ends of the casing forming an inlet and an outlet for the cooling air current and being. of smaller cross-section than the frontal surface'of the radiator, certain parts of the casing being adjustable with relation to one another by being made of elastic material, and provided with means for effect-- ing movement thereof.

8. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing of tubular-form mounted thereon extending fore and aft thereof and having its ends open and of smaller size than the portion of the casing intermediate the ends and a radiator disposed substantially transverse tothe length of the casing within the intermediate portion of the casing, certain of the walls of the casing having their edges at the inlet end of the casing rounded ofl".

9. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a ,casing of tubular form mounted thereon extending fore and aft thereof and having its ends open and of smaller size than the portion of the casing intermediate the ends and a radiator disposed substantially transverse to the length of the casing within the intermediate portion of the casing, certain of the walls of the casing decreasing in thickness from the inlet end of the casing toward the outlet end and the edges of such walls at the inlet end of the casing being rounded ofi.

10. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing of tubular form mounted thereon extending. fore and aft thereof and 11. The combination of a self-propelled vehicle, a casing of tubular form mounted thereon extending fore and aft thereof and having its ends open and of smaller size than the portion of the casing intermediate the ends, a radiator disposed substantially transverse to the length of the casing within the intermediate portion of the casing,

' certain of the walls of the casing decreasing in thickness from the inlet end of the casing toward the outlet end and the edges of such walls at the inlet end of the casing being rounded ofl, and means for effecting an adjustment to regulate the portion of the air entering the casing which passes through the radiator and the portion which passes around the radiator.

12. The combination of a self propelled vehicle, a tubular casing, open at both ends and extending in the dlrection of travel of the vehicle, the inlet and outlet openings of the casing being substantially of the same size, while the casing gradually increases in size from each end inwardly in a smooth curve, to form an intermediate portion of 25 relatively large cross-sectional area, and a radiator located in the enlarged intermediate portion.

13. The combination as claimed in claim 12, in combination with means to regulate 80 LUDWIG WAGENSEIL. Witnesses HENRY ANADFLIEG', HENRY C. A. DAMM. 

